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[Tarig Elsheikh]

أخي الكريم أبوعبدلله لك كل التحية والأحترام الموضوع كالتالي:-

Aircraft Cleaning

The first step in corrosion controle is to keep the aircraft clean .before start cleaning the aircraft you should protect spacific areas such as pitot tubes and static openings it should be always covered . do not use non aproved cleaning products because that may cause hydrogen embrittlment . When using chemical cleaning agent you should :

1-open all electrical circuits.

2-Do not use syntthetic wiping cloths with flamable agents .

3-chemical agents should not be applied with atomizing spray equipment.

4-keep all agents away from open flames.

5-Do not mix any cleaning agents with any solvent.

6-Do not use cleaning compounds at higher concentration than what is recommended .

7-All drain holes , flap valves , etc should be opened before washing .

8-Do not breath the vapor while using Ammonium Hydroxide and avoid skin contact.

9-Do not use excessive amounts of cleaning agents on controle cables .

10-Cover tires during cleaning of wheel wells.

11-Each part of steel , aluminum , or stainless steel subject to the hydrogen emrittlment process must be totally protected from the exposure.

12-Do not allow any agents to contact aircraft wiring .

13-Read the warnings and cautions labels on product containers carefully.

Types of corrosion

1-Oxidation : it can be called the dry corrosion ,it happens when chemical reaction happens between the air and the metal surfuce it usually happens between the oxygen atoms in the air and the metal . Uniform surface corrosion : its caused by reaction of metalic surfaces with atmospheric contaminants .Pitting corrosion : pitting is likely result of uniform surface corrosion left untreated . Galvanic Corrosion : this common type of corrosion occurs any time dissimilar metals makes elictrical contact in the presence of an electrolyte . Concentration cell corrosion : is a corrosion of metals in a metal -to-metal joint . Oxygen concentration cell corrosion : when water cover the aluminum surfaces and seeps through , it makes reaction with the air oxygen and it atracts the electrons and it turns the water to hydroxide which is corrosive .

Metal Ion concentration cell corrosion : Metals that depend on a tightly adhering passive film ( usually an oxide ) for corrosion protection ; can be corroded by active-passive cells The corrosive action usually starts as an oxygen concentration cell corrosion.we can also say that Concentration cell corrosion occurs when two or more areas of a metal surface are in contact with different concentrations of the same solution . There are three general types of concentration .

Filiform corrosion is a special form of corrosion that occurs under some thin coatings in the form of randomly distributed threadlike filaments . Filiform corrosion is also known as Underfilm Corrosion or "filamentary corrosion". It occurs on metallic surfaces coated with a thin organic film that is typically 0 .1 mm thick. The pattern of attack is characterized by the appearance of fine filaments emanating from one or more sources in semi-random directions. The filaments are fine tunnels composed of corrosion products underneath the bulged and cracked coating . It can be visually recognized without using a microscopy . Filiform corrosion has been observed on surfaces of coated steel , magnesium , and aluminum with thin coatings of tin , silver , gold , phosphate , enamel , and lacquer . It has also been observed on paper-backed aluminum foil.

Intergranular corrosion is localized attack along the grain boundaries , or immediately adjacent to grain boundaries , while the bulk of the grains remain largely unaffected . This form of corrosion is usually associated with chemical segregation effects ( impurities have a tendency to be enriched at grain boundaries ) or specific phases precipitated on the grain boundaries . Such precipitation can produce zones of reduced corrosion resistance in the immediate vicinity .

Exfoliation: corrosion that proceeds laterally from the sites of initiation along planes parallel to the surface , generally at grain boundaries, forming corrosion products that force metal away from the body of the material . giving rise to a layered appearance.

Stress Corrosion: is evidenced when the metal strength loss resulting from the combined stress and corrosion is greater than the effects of stress and corrosion acting separately . The magnitude of the combined effect is a measure of the susceptibility of the material to stress corrosion . Stress corrosion is generally evidenced as cracks giving an appearance of brittleness in a material which is otherwise has normal ductile properties . The cracks may follow intergranular paths which grow at relatively slow velocities . If the load is constant during the period of crack growth the cracks will eventually reach a critical size to result in material failure.

Corrosion Removal

Before starting any corrosion removal , you must conduct an inspection and evaluation of the suspected area. When you inspect an aircraft or a particular area of an aircraft for corrosion , you should follow the steps listed below .

1 . Clean the area thoroughly .

2 . If an area is suspected of having corrosion , visually inspect the area by using a magnifying glass .

3 . To preclude metal damage , remove paint chemically from areas suspected of having underlying hidden corrosion . Use abrasive paint removal techniques only when corrosive products are observed .

4 . After removing the paint, use a magnifying glass to determine the extent of the damage , especially if there is evidence of corrosion on critical parts . Corrosion cracks must be detected as early as possible .

5 . Refer to the applicable structural repair manual ( SRM ) or MIM for damage limits . Metal loss damage is accumulative . When assessing corrosion damage , consider prior metal loss , including areas on the opposite side of the part . Propellers and helicopter blades have critical balance requirements . Refer to the propeller and blade manuals that apply for the evaluation and repair limits of corrosion , erosion , and abrasive damage . After the aircraft or aircraft part has been inspected , the extent of the corrosion damage must be correctly evaluated .

www.corrosionclinic.com

https://corrosion-doctors.org

https://www.roymech.co.uk

www.tpub.com

[Tarig Elsheikh]

Aircraft Drawings

Drawing types:

1-Detail drawing :We can get detailed information we need to construct specific part on the aircraft also we can get all information like dimension, materials, and type of finish .A detail drawings can also contain an enlarged section with another scale to give more details .
2-assembly drawings : An assembly drawing is needed to show the relationship between various aircraft parts .that kind of drawings references the parts by its numbers. We can also call assembly drawing as an a pictorial view of theobject with all the components shown as they go together . This type pictorial is usually found in vendor manuals and is used for parts identification and general informationrelative to the assembly of the component.
3-Installation drawings : These drawings shows the general arrangement or position of a part. It also gives any instructions required for the installation .
4-sectional drawings : Sectional drawings are used to project an internal shape. A sectional drawing enables the user to see information on an orthographic drawing which would not otherwise be shown in either the plan view or any of the elevation views.
5-Exploded-view drawings : Are used to show every part in the assembly. This drawings usually shows the parts on its exact places .also Exploded views are often a good way of showing detail.
6-Block diagrams : A block diagram usually contains individual blocks that shows several components like any kind of replaceable models.
7-logic flowchart : Logic flowcharts are usually sued in troubleshooting because its showing the mechanical or electronic of a specific system without showing the showing the construction information.
8-elictrical wiring diagram : Its usually included in the service manuals and it shows some information like the wires sizes and terminals types using the part and the serial number of a component .
9-pictorial diagrams : Its usually used in pilots hand book and other training manuals to help the operators to visualize the operation of systems .
10- schematic diagrams : Are usually being used to show an operation principle without showing the parts as they actually appear .it also shows the location of the component .

Methods of illustration

1-orthographic projection : is a means of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection , where all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface . It is further divided into 2-Auxiliar drawings : It necessary some times to show a view from an angle other than the 90 degrees angle.
3-isometric drawings : Its often used for aircraft drawing and sketching . as its projections of three-dominions which gives three views . we can also describe Isometric projection as a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions in technical and engineering drawings.
4-oblique drawings : Its basically isometric drawing with one object face parallel to the drawing . we can also describe oblique drawings as a designed drawing to show a three dimensional view of an object. The width of the object will still be drawn as a horizontal line, but the depth can be drawn back at any angle. You can choose the best angle to make the drawing look the best. There are three types of oblique , cavalier , normal and cabinet oblique.
5-perspective drawings :it’s used when you want to see as the human eye see .it can also be described as drawings designed to show a three dimensional view of an object. The width and depth are both drawn at 30 degree angles.

Dimensions

Allowance: the lower and the higher size of a part its called allowance .
Tolerance : it’s the difference between the extreme permissible dimensions.

Location identification on Aircraft

The location part of an aircraft is typically specified by fuselage station numbers, water lines and buttock lines.
Fuselage station numbers : all station numbers are measured from reference called station zero .and its called the datum its typically on the fuselage or ahead of it

Water lines : it identifies vertical locations and it can be measured from a zero reference
Buttock lines : it measure thr distances to the right or left of the fuselage center line
Wing stations : its measured from the centerline of the fuselage or the buttock line .



References ;
https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/toolbo.../sectional.htm
www.liberary.thinkquest.org
en.wikipedia.org

[Tarig Elsheikh]

اقتباس:     المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة milanoboy2010  

هذا تلخيص cleaning & corrosion +aircraft drawing
منهج ال FAA

https://www.megaupload.com/?d=64S0T3C6

و بالتوفيق ان شاء الله

[م.عمراياد]

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